Description

Multiple sclerosis is a disease that causes the breakdown of the protective covering of the nerves. Multiple sclerosis can cause numbness, weakness, difficulty walking, vision changes, and other symptoms. It is also known as the SRA.

In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath that covers nerve fibers, known as myelin. This disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Finally, the disease can cause permanent damage of the nerve fibers.

The symptoms of MS depend on the individual, the location of damage in the nervous system and how bad is the damage to the nerve fibers. Some people lose the ability to walk on their own or to move at all. Others may have long periods of time between attacks without any new symptoms, called remission. The course of the disease varies depending on the type of the SRA.

There is No cure for multiple sclerosis. However, there are treatments to help speed recovery from attacks, modify the course of the disease and relieve symptoms.

Types of

Some conditions are classified as stages, but the multiple sclerosis are classified as types. MS types depend on the progression of symptoms and the frequency of relapses. Types of MS include:

Relapsing-remitting MS

The majority of people with ms have the relapsing-remitting type. They experience periods of new symptoms or relapses that develop over the course of days or weeks and usually improve partially or completely. These relapses are followed by silent periods of disease remission that can last for months or even years.

Secondary-progressive MS

At least 20% to 40% of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with time may develop a steady progression of symptoms. This progression can come with or without periods of remission and occurs within 10 to 40 years of the onset of the disease. This is known as secondary-progressive MS.

The worsening of the symptoms usually include problems with mobility and walking. The rate of disease progression varies greatly among people with secondary-progressive MS.

Primary-progressive MS

Some people with multiple sclerosis experience a gradual onset and steady progression of signs and symptoms without relapse. This type of MS is known as primary-progressive MS.

Clinically isolated syndrome

Clinically isolated syndrome refers to the first episode of a disorder that affects the myelin. After further testing, clinically isolated syndrome may be diagnosed as MS or a different condition.

Radiologically isolated syndrome

Radiologically isolated syndrome refers to the findings in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord that look like MS in someone without classic symptoms of the SRA.

Symptoms

Symptoms of multiple sclerosis vary depending on the person. The symptoms may change over the course of the disease, depending on which nerve fibers are affected.

Common symptoms include:

  • Numbness or tingly feeling.
  • Electric-shock sensations that occur with certain neck movements, especially bending the neck forward. This feeling is called sign of Lhermitte.
  • The lack of coordination.
  • Difficulty walking or not be able to walk at all.
  • The weakness.
  • Partial or complete loss of vision, usually in one eye at the time. The loss of vision, often with pain during eye movement.
  • Double vision.
  • Blurred vision.
  • Dizziness and a false sense that you or your surroundings are moving, known as vertigo.
  • Problems with sexual, bowel and bladder function.
  • Fatigue.
  • Difficulty in speech.
  • Problems with memory, thinking and understanding of the information.
  • Changes of mood.

Small increases in body temperature can worsen the symptoms of MS. These are not considered true disease relapses but pseudorelapses.

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with your doctor or other health care professional if you have any symptoms that worry you.

Causes

The cause of multiple sclerosis is not known. It is considered an immune-mediated disease in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. In MS, the immune system attacks and destroys the fatty substance that coats and protects nerve fibers in the brain and the spinal cord. This fatty substance called myelin.

Myelin can be compared with the insulation coating of electrical cords. When the protective myelin is damaged and the nerve fiber is exposed, the messages that travel along the nerve fiber may be slowed or blocked.

It is not clear why MS develops in some people and not others. A combination of genetics and environmental factors may increase the risk of the SRA.

Risk factors

The factors that increase the risk of multiple sclerosis include:

  • Age. MS can occur at any age. However, the onset most commonly occurs between 20 and 40 years of age.
  • Sex. Women are 2 to 3 times more likely than men to have relapsing-remitting MS.
  • The history of the family. If one of your parents or siblings has had MS, you are at greater risk of developing the disease.
  • Certain infections. A variety of viruses that have been linked to MS, including the Epstein-Barr virus. The Epstein-Barr is the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis.
  • Of the race. People with white skin, especially those of Northern European descent, are at the highest risk of developing MS. People of Asian, African or Native American descent have the lowest risk. A recent study suggests that the number of Black and Hispanic young adults with multiple sclerosis may be greater than previously thought.
  • Climate. MS is much more common in places with temperate climates. These include Canada, the northern united States, New Zealand, southeast Australia, and Europe.
  • Vitamin D. Have low levels of vitamin D and low exposure to sunlight is linked to a greater risk that the LADY of Your month of birth can also affect the chances of developing MS. This has to do with levels of exposure to the sun when the mother is pregnant.
  • Obesity. People who are obese or obese in childhood have an increased risk of multiple sclerosis.
  • Certain autoimmune diseases. You have a slightly higher risk of developing MS if you have other autoimmune conditions. These may include thyroid disease, pernicious anemia, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
  • The habit of smoking. People who smoke have a higher risk of relapsing-remitting MS than people who do not smoke.
  • Intestinal Microbioma. People with MS may have a different microbiome gut of people who do not have MS. Further research is needed to understand this connection.

Complications

The complications of multiple sclerosis may include:

  • Changes in mood, such as depression, anxiety, or mood changes.
  • Muscle stiffness or spasms.
  • Seizures, although they are very rare.
  • Severe weakness or paralysis, usually in the arms or legs.
  • Problems with bladder, bowel or sexual function.
  • Problems with thinking and memory.

Diagnosis

There are No specific tests for MS. The diagnosis is given by a combination of clinical history, physical examination, Imaging, and lumbar puncture results. A diagnosis of multiple sclerosis also involves ruling out other conditions that can produce similar symptoms. This is known as a differential diagnosis.

The tests used to diagnose multiple sclerosis may include:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging, which can reveal areas of MS in the brain and the spinal cord. These areas are called lesions. A contrast dye may be given through an INTRAVENOUS line to highlight the injuries show that the disease is in an active phase.
  • Lumbar puncture, also known as a lumbar puncture, in which a small sample of cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the spinal canal for laboratory testing. This example can show changes in antibodies that are linked to the LADY A lumbar puncture can also help to rule out infections and other conditions with symptoms similar to the LADY, An antibody test that seeks to free light chains kappa can be faster and less expensive than the previous spinal fluid tests for the LADY
  • The optical coherence tomography, which uses light waves to produce images of the eyes. In MS, a condition called optic neuritis causes changes in the retina. Optical coherence tomography can be used to measure the thickness of the retina. You can also show the damage to the nerve fibers of the retina.
  • Tests of evoked potentials, which records the electrical signals produced by the nervous system in response to stimuli. A test of potential-evoked you can use visual stimuli or electrical stimuli. In these tests, you go to a motion of visual patterns, such as the short electrical impulses are applied to the nerves in the legs or arms. The electrodes measure of how quickly information travels through your neural pathways.
  • Blood tests, which can help rule out other diseases with symptoms similar to those of MS. Tests to check for specific biomarkers linked to the MS are being developed. These tests can help to diagnose the disease.
  • The neuropsychological tests. Neuropsychological assessment involves observing how the brain is working. The test analyzes your thinking, memory, language, and social skills. It also assesses your personality and mood. A psychologist with specific knowledge, well-known as a neuropsychologist, makes this test. Neuropsychological assessment is important in MS, due to the fact that the majority of people with the disease have cognitive impairment. This may include the loss of memory and problems with language and thinking skills that affect the daily activities. Your health care professional may give you a baseline test shortly after they are diagnosed. Then you may be retested with the time.

In most people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, the diagnosis is easy. The diagnosis is based on a pattern of symptoms associated with MS and confirmed by the results of the test.

Diagnosis of MS can be difficult in people with unusual symptoms or progressive disease. Additional tests may be necessary.

Treatment

There is No cure for multiple sclerosis. The treatment typically focuses on speeding recovery from attacks, reducing relapses, slowing the progression of the disease and managing MS symptoms. Some people have mild symptoms that no treatment is needed.

Treatments for MS attacks

During an MS attack, can be treated with:

  • Corticosteroids. These medications reduce the inflammation of the nerve. For MS, corticosteroids are used are oral prednisone and methylprednisolone iv. Side effects can include insomnia, increased blood pressure, increased blood glucose levels, mood changes and fluid retention.
  • The Plasma exchange. This treatment consists in removing the liquid part of the blood, called plasma, and separates it from your blood cells. The cells of the blood is mixed with a solution of a protein called albumin and put back into your body. Plasma exchange can be used if your symptoms are new, severe, and I have not responded to steroids. Plasma exchange is also known as plasmapheresis.

Treatments to modify progression

There are several disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing-remitting MS. Some of these DMTs may be of benefit for secondary-progressive MS. is available for primary-progressive MS.

A large part of the immune response linked to MS happens in the early stages of the disease. Aggressive treatment with these medications as soon as possible can reduce the rate of relapses and slow the formation of new lesions. These treatments may reduce the risk of injury and worsening of disability.

Many of the disease-modifying therapies used to treat multiple sclerosis lead to serious health risks. The selection of the right therapy for you depends on many factors. The factors include the time that you have had the disease and its symptoms. Your health care team will also examine if the above treatments for MS have worked and other health problems. Cost and if you plan on having children in the future, are also factors when deciding the treatment.

Treatment options for relapsing-remitting MS, which include injectable, oral and infusions of drugs.

Injectable treatments include:

  • Interferon beta medications.These medications work by interfering with diseases that attack the body. They may decrease the inflammation and increase the growth of the nerve. The interferon-beta drugs are injected under the skin or into the muscle. You can reduce the number of relapses and make them less severe. Side effects of interferons may include flu-like symptoms and injection site reactions. You will need regular blood tests to monitor your liver enzymes due to liver damage is a possible side effect of the use of interferon. People who take the interferons may develop antibodies that can reduce how well the medicine works.
  • Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone, Glatopa). This medication can help to block the immune system's attack on myelin. Glatiramer acetate is injected under the skin. Side effects may include irritation of the skin at the site of injection and swelling.
  • Ofatumumab (Kesimpta, Arzerra). This medicine targets the cells that damage to the nervous system. These cells are called b cells. Ofatumumab is given by injection under the skin. You can decrease the risk of new lesions and new or worsening symptoms. Possible side effects are infections, local reactions at the injection site, and headaches.

Interferon beta medications. These medications work by interfering with diseases that attack the body. They may decrease the inflammation and increase the growth of the nerve. The interferon-beta drugs are injected under the skin or into the muscle. You can reduce the number of relapses and make them less severe.

Side effects of interferons may include flu-like symptoms and injection site reactions. You will need regular blood tests to monitor your liver enzymes due to liver damage is a possible side effect of the use of interferon. People who take the interferons may develop antibodies that can reduce how well the medicine works.

Oral treatments are:

  • Teriflunomide (Aubagio). This once-daily oral medicine can reduce relapses. Teriflunomide can cause liver damage, hair loss and other side effects. This medicine is linked to birth defects when taken by both men and women. Use birth control while taking this medication, and up to two years after. Couples who wish to become pregnant, talk with your healthcare provider about ways to remove the medicine from the body faster. Teriflunomide requires the blood test on a regular basis.
  • Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera). This twice-a-day oral medicine can reduce relapses. Side effects can include hot flashes, diarrhea, nausea and decreased white blood cell count. Dimethyl fumarate requires the blood test on a regular basis.
  • Diroximel fumarate (Vumerity). This twice a day the capsule is similar to the dimethyl fumarate but usually causes fewer side effects. It is approved for the treatment of relapsing forms of MS.
  • Monomethyl fumarate (Bafiertam) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration, also called the FDA, such as a delay in the release of the medicine that has a slow and steady action. The time of release of the medication can help to decrease side effects. Possible side effects are flushing, liver damage, abdominal pain, and infections.
  • Fingolimod (Gilenya). This once-daily oral medicine reduces the rate of relapses. Your heart rate and blood pressure are monitored for six hours after the first dose as the heart rate may be slower. Fingolimod is detrimental to the development of your baby. Use birth control while taking this medication and for at least three days after stopping the medication. Other side effects include infections that may be rare, but serious, headaches, high blood pressure and blurred vision.
  • Siponimod (Mayzent). This once-daily oral medicine can reduce the rates of relapse and help slow the progression of the MS. Is also approved for secondary-progressive MS. Possible side effects include virus infections, liver damage, and low white blood cell count. Other possible side effects include changes in heart rate, headaches, and problems with vision. Siponimod is detrimental to the development of your baby. Use birth control while taking this medication and for at least three days after stopping the medication. Some people need that heart rate and blood pressure monitored for six hours after the first dose. This medication requires a blood test on a regular basis.
  • Ozanimod (Zeposia). This once-daily oral medicine decreases the rate of relapse of MS. Possible side effects of high blood pressure, infections, and inflammation of the liver. Ozanimod is detrimental to the development of your baby. Use birth control while taking this medication and for at least three days after stopping the medication.
  • Ponesimod (Ponvory). This oral medication that is taken once a day, with a gradual increase in the dosing schedule. The possible side effects are respiratory tract infections, high blood pressure, irritation of the liver, and the changes in the heart rate and rhythm. Ponesimod is detrimental to the development of your baby. Use birth control while taking this medication and for at least three days after stopping the medication.
  • Cladribine (Mavenclad). This medication is usually prescribed as a second-line treatment for those with relapsing-remitting MS. it Is also approved for secondary-progressive MS. is given in two courses of treatment, over a period of two weeks, in the course of two years. The side effects include upper respiratory tract infections, headache, tumors, serious infections and the reduction of the levels of white blood cells. People who have assets of long-term infections or cancer should not take this medicine. People who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take this medicine. Use birth control while taking cladribine and for the following six months. You may need blood tests regularly while you are receiving treatment with cladribine.

Infusion treatments include:

  • Natalizumab (Tysabri).This is a monoclonal antibody that has been shown to decrease relapse rates and slow down the risk of disability. Natalizumab is designed to block the movement of the potential of damaging immune cells from the blood to the brain and the spinal cord. Can be considered as a first-line treatment for some people with relapsing-remitting MS, or as a second-line treatment in others. This medicine increases the risk of serious brain infection called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The risk increases in people who are positive for the antibodies that cause the PML JC virus. People who do not have antibodies have very low risk of PML.
  • Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus).This drug is approved by the FDA for the treatment of relapsing-remitting and primary-progressive forms of MS. This treatment reduces the relapse rate and the risk that the deactivation of the progression of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It also slows the progression of primary progressive form of multiple sclerosis. Clinical trials have shown that it reduces the rate of relapses in the relapse of the disease and slow the worsening of disability in both forms of the disease. Ocrelizumab is given through an INTRAVENOUS infusion by a healthcare professional. Side effects may include irritation at the site of injection, low blood pressure, fever, and nausea, among others. Some people may not be able to take ocrelizumab, including those with chronic hepatitis B infection. Ocrelizumab may also increase the risk of infections and some types of cancer, especially breast cancer.
  • Ublituximab (Briumvi). This treatment is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of relapsing forms of MS. Ublituximab is given through an INTRAVENOUS infusion, while being supervised. Ublituximab can be used by people who can't take ocrelizumab. The side effects include infusion reactions, increased risk of infections and an increased risk of fetal harm.
  • Alemtuzumab (Campath, Lemtrada).This treatment is a monoclonal antibody that the annual reduction of relapse rates and demonstrate the magnetic resonance imaging benefits. This medication helps to reduce relapses of MS by targeting a protein on the surface of immune cells and depleting white blood cells. This effect can limit the damage in the nerves caused by the white blood cells. But it also increases the risk of infections and autoimmune diseases, including a high risk of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid and rare immune-mediated kidney disease. Treatment with alemtuzumab involves five consecutive days of infusions followed by another three days, infusions, a year later. Infusion reactions are common with alemtuzumab. Alemtuzumab is only available from a registered health care professionals. People treated with the medication should be registered in a special drug safety oversight of the program. Alemtuzumab is usually recommended for people with MS aggressive or as second-line treatment if other MS drugs do not work.

Natalizumab (Tysabri). This is a monoclonal antibody that has been shown to decrease relapse rates and slow down the risk of disability.

Natalizumab is designed to block the movement of the potential of damaging immune cells from the blood to the brain and the spinal cord. Can be considered as a first-line treatment for some people with relapsing-remitting MS, or as a second-line treatment in others.

This medicine increases the risk of serious brain infection called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The risk increases in people who are positive for the antibodies that cause the PML JC virus. People who do not have antibodies have very low risk of PML.

Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus). This drug is approved by the FDA for the treatment of relapsing-remitting and primary-progressive forms of MS. This treatment reduces the relapse rate and the risk that the deactivation of the progression of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It also slows the progression of primary progressive form of multiple sclerosis.

Clinical trials have shown that it reduces the rate of relapses in the relapse of the disease and slow the worsening of disability in both forms of the disease.

Ocrelizumab is given through an INTRAVENOUS infusion by a healthcare professional. Side effects may include irritation at the site of injection, low blood pressure, fever, and nausea, among others. Some people may not be able to take ocrelizumab, including those with chronic hepatitis B infection. Ocrelizumab may also increase the risk of infections and some types of cancer, especially breast cancer.

Alemtuzumab (Campath, Lemtrada). This treatment is a monoclonal antibody that the annual reduction of relapse rates and demonstrate the magnetic resonance imaging benefits.

This medication helps to reduce relapses of MS by targeting a protein on the surface of immune cells and depleting white blood cells. This effect can limit the damage in the nerves caused by the white blood cells. But it also increases the risk of infections and autoimmune diseases, including a high risk of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid and rare immune-mediated kidney disease.

Treatment with alemtuzumab involves five consecutive days of infusions followed by another three days, infusions, a year later. Infusion reactions are common with alemtuzumab.

Alemtuzumab is only available from a registered health care professionals. People treated with the medication should be registered in a special drug safety oversight of the program. Alemtuzumab is usually recommended for people with MS aggressive or as second-line treatment if other MS drugs do not work.

The treatments for the symptoms of MS

These treatments can help to relieve some of the symptoms of the SRA.

  • Of the therapy.A physical or occupational therapist can teach you stretching and strengthening exercises. The therapist can also show you how to use the devices to make it easier to perform daily tasks. Physical therapy and mobility assistance, when necessary, may also help to handle the weakness of the leg and help to improve gait.
  • Muscle relaxants. You may experience muscle stiffness or spasms, especially in the legs. Muscle relaxants such as baclofen (Lioresal, Gablofen), tizanidine (Zanaflex), and cyclobenzaprine (Amrix, Fexmid) can help. Onabotulinumtoxin A (Botox) treatment is another option for muscle contractions.
  • Medications to reduce fatigue. Amantadine (Gocovri), modafinil (Provigil), and methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) have been used to reduce MS-related fatigue. However, a recent study found these medications to be better than placebo in improving MS-related fatigue and caused more side effects. Some medicines used to treat depression, such as fluoxetine (Prozac) and bupropion (Wellbutrin), may be recommended.
  • Medicine to increase the speed of the walk. Dalfampridine (Ampyra) may help to slightly increase the speed of the walk in some people. Possible side effects are urinary tract infections, dizziness, insomnia and headaches. People with a history of seizures or with renal dysfunction should not take this medicine.
  • Other medications. Medications can also be prescribed for depression, pain, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, and bladder or bowel control problems that are linked to the SRA.

Of the therapy. A physical or occupational therapist can teach you stretching and strengthening exercises. The therapist can also show you how to use the devices to make it easier to perform daily tasks.

Physical therapy and mobility assistance, when necessary, may also help to handle the weakness of the leg and help to improve gait.

Recent developments or emerging therapies

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an inhibitor of the therapy is being studied in the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. It works by altering the function of B cells, which are cells of the immune system in the central nervous system.

Another therapy that has been studied in people with MS is the transplant of stem cells. This treatment destroys the immune system of a person with MS, and then replaced with a transplant healthy stem cells. The researchers are still investigating whether this therapy can reduce inflammation in people with MS and help to "reset" the immune system. Possible side effects are fever and infections.

A type of protein called CD40L was found in T cells has been shown to play a role in MS. Recent studies have shown that blocking this protein may help manage the SRA.

A new medication called a phosphodiesterase inhibitor is also being studied. This medicine works by reducing the inflammation by the change of the damage responses of the immune system seen in the SRA.

In addition, researchers are learning more about how the existing disease-modifying therapies work to reduce relapse and reduce the multiple sclerosis-related lesions in the brain. Further studies are needed to determine if the treatment can delay the disability caused by the disease.

Lifestyle and home remedies

To help relieve the symptoms of MS, try the following:

  • Get enough rest. Look at your sleep habits to make sure that you are receiving the best sleep. If you have conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea, consult a health care professional and is receiving treatment.
  • Exercise. If you have mild to moderate MS, regular exercise can help to improve your strength, muscle tone, balance, and coordination. Swimming or other water exercises are good options if the heat makes their symptoms worse. Other types of mild to moderate exercise is recommended for people with MS include walking, stretching, low-impact aerobics, riding a stationary bike, yoga and tai chi.
  • Cool. In some people, the symptoms of MS may worsen as the body temperature rises. Helps to keep you cool and the use of cooling scarves or vests.
  • Eating a balanced diet. The research suggests that the Mediterranean diet may be linked to a lower risk of worsening of disability in the LADY of The Mediterranean diet includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts and olive oil. It also means not eating large amounts of red meat, butter, sugar, and other unhealthy foods. Some research suggests that vitamin D may have a potential benefit for people with em.
  • Alleviate the stress. Stress can trigger or worsen symptoms. Yoga, tai chi, massage, meditation, or deep breathing can help.

Alternative medicine

Many people with MS the use of a variety of alternative or complementary treatments to help manage your symptoms, such as fatigue and muscle pain.

Exercise, meditation, yoga, massage, eating a healthy diet, acupuncture, and relaxation techniques can help to improve the mental and physical well-being.

In accordance with the guidelines of the American Academy of Neurology, the research strongly indicates that oral cannabis extract (OCE) can improve symptoms of muscle contractions and pain. There is a lack of evidence that cannabis in any form is effective in the management of other MS symptoms.

The daily intake of vitamin D3 2,000 to 5,000 international units daily is recommended in people with ms. The connection between vitamin D and MS is supported by the association with exposure to sunlight and the risk of the SRA.

Coping and support

With time, you will find what helps you to deal with the stress of a chronic disease like multiple sclerosis. Until then, you can find help for:

Learn enough about multiple sclerosis to make decisions about your care

Ask your health care team about your MS, including your test results, treatment options, and, if you like, your prognosis. As you learn more about MS, you can be more confident in making treatment choices.

Keep friends and family close

Keep your close relationships strong can help you deal with multiple sclerosis. Friends and family can provide the practical support that you may need, such as help to take care of your house if you're in the hospital. And that you can serve as emotional support when you feel overwhelmed by the SRA.

Find someone to talk to

Find someone who is willing to listen to you talk about your hopes and concerns. This can be a friend or family member. The concern and understanding of a counselor, medical social worker, clergy member or MS support group may also be useful.

Preparing for your appointment

Make an appointment with a doctor or other health care professional if you have any symptoms that worry you.

If your healthcare provider thinks you might have multiple sclerosis, you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in conditions of the brain and the nervous system, called a neurologist.

Because appointments can be brief, it is a good idea to be prepared. Here's some information to help you prepare.

What you can do

  • Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions. At the time you make the appointment, be sure to ask if there is anything that you need to do in advance, such as restrict your diet.
  • Write down any symptoms you have, including those that do not seem to be related to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment.
  • Write important personal information, including major stresses or recent life changes.
  • Make a list of all medications, vitamins or supplements you are taking and the dose.
  • Have a family member or friend. Sometimes it can be very difficult to remember all the information provided during an appointment. Someone who goes with you may remember something that you missed or forgot.
  • Write questions to ask their health care team.

Your time with your health care team is limited, so preparing a list of questions can help you make the most of their time together. A list of questions from most important to least important in case time runs out. For multiple sclerosis, some basic questions to ask include:

  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • What kinds of tests do I need? Does not require special preparation?
  • Is my condition likely temporary or permanent?
  • My condition progress?
  • What treatments are available?
  • I have these other health conditions. How can I best manage them together?

Do not hesitate to ask other questions.

What to expect from your doctor

Be prepared to answer questions, such as:

  • When did your symptoms begin?
  • The symptoms been permanent or casual?
  • How severe are the symptoms?
  • What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms?
  • What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms?
  • Does anyone in your family has multiple sclerosis?
Symptoms and treatment of Multiple sclerosis