Description

Drug addiction, also called substance use disorder, is a disease that affects a person's brain and behavior and leads to an inability to control the use of a legal or illegal drug or medicine. Substances such as alcohol, marijuana and nicotine also are considered drugs. When you're addicted, you may continue using the drug despite the harm it causes.

Drug addiction can start with experimental use of a recreational drug in social situations, and, for some people, the drug use becomes more frequent. For others, particularly with opioids, drug addiction begins when they take prescription drugs, or receive them from other people who have drugs.

The risk of addiction and how fast you become addicted varies according to the drug. Some medications, such as opioid painkillers, have a higher risk and cause addiction more quickly than others.

As time passes, you may need larger doses of the drug to get high. Soon you may need the drug just to feel good. As your drug use increases, you may find that it is increasingly difficult to go without the drug. Attempts to stop drug use may cause intense cravings and make you feel physically ill. These are called withdrawal symptoms.

The help of your health care provider, family, friends, support groups or an organized treatment program can help you overcome your drug addiction and stay drug-free.

Symptoms

Drug addiction symptoms or behaviors include, among others:

  • Feeling that you have to use the drug regularly-daily or even several times a day
  • Having impulses of the drug that block all other thoughts
  • Over time, the need for more of the drug to get the same effect
  • Taking large amounts of the drug over a long period of time that you intended
  • Making sure to keep a supply of the drug
  • The expenditure of money from the drug, even if you can't afford it
  • Not meeting obligations and work responsibilities, or cutting social or recreational activities because of drug use
  • Your continued use of the drug, despite the fact that he knows he is causing problems in your life or causing physical or psychological harm
  • Do things to get the drug that you normally wouldn't, such as the theft of
  • Driving or doing other risky activities when you're under the influence of the drug
  • Spending a good amount of time to get to the drug, using the drug or recovering from the effects of the drug
  • To fail in their attempts to stop using the drug
  • Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when you try to stop taking the drug

Recognizing unhealthy drug use in the family members

It is sometimes difficult to distinguish normal teenage mood swings or anxiety of the signs of drug use. Possible signs that your teenager or other family member is the use of medications include:

  • Problems in the school or in the workplace — often miss school or work, a sudden disinterest in the activities of the school, or work, or a drop in grades or job performance
  • Physical health problems — lack of energy and motivation, weight loss or gain, or red eyes
  • Unkempt appearance — lack of interest in clothes, personal hygiene, or go
  • Changes in the behavior — of the main efforts to the bar of the members of the family enter the room of a teenager or secrecy about to go out with their friends, or drastic changes in behavior and in relationships with family and friends
  • Money matters — sudden requests for money without a reasonable explanation; or your discovery that the money has disappeared or has been stolen, or that the items have been missing from his home, indicating perhaps that they are being sold to support the use of drugs

The recognition of the signs of drug use or intoxication

The signs and symptoms of drug use or intoxication may vary, depending on the type of drug. Below you'll find several examples.

Marijuana, hashish and other cannabis-containing substances

People consume cannabis by smoking, eating or inhaling a vaporized form of the drug. Cannabis often precedes or is used in conjunction with other substances, such as alcohol or illegal drugs, and is often the first drug tried.

The symptoms and signs of recent use may include:

  • A feeling of euphoria or feeling "high"
  • A high sense of visual, auditory and taste perception
  • Increased blood pressure and heart rate
  • Red eyes
  • Dry mouth
  • Decreased coordination
  • Difficulty concentrating or remembering
  • Slower reaction time
  • The anxiety or paranoia thinking
  • The Cannabis odor on clothes or yellow yolk of the fingers
  • Major cravings for certain foods at unusual times

The long-term use is often associated with:

  • Decreased mental acuity
  • Poor performance in school or on the job
  • Continuous cough, and frequent lung infections

K2, Spice and bath salts

Two groups of synthetic drugs, synthetic cannabinoids and substituted or synthetic cathinones — are illegal in most states. The effects of these medications can be dangerous and unpredictable, as there is no quality control, and some ingredients may not be known.

Synthetic cannabinoids, also called K2 or Spice, are sprayed on dried herbs and then smoked, but can be prepared as an herbal tea. A liquid is vaporized in e-cigarettes. Despite the claims of the manufacturer, these are chemical compounds in place of "natural" or harmless products. These drugs can produce a "high" similar to marijuana and have become a popular but dangerous alternative.

The symptoms and signs of recent use may include:

  • A feeling of euphoria or feeling "high"
  • Elevated mood
  • An alteration in the sense of the visual, auditory and taste perception
  • Extreme anxiety or agitation
  • Paranoia
  • Hallucinations
  • Increased heart rate and blood pressure or heart attack
  • Vomiting
  • The confusion
  • Violent behavior

Substituted cathinones, also called "bath salts" are mind-altering (psychoactive) substances similar to amphetamines, such as ecstasy (MDMA) and cocaine. The packages are often labeled as other products to avoid detection.

Despite the name, there are bath products, such as Epsom salts. Substituted cathinones can be eaten, drunk, inhaled, or injected, and are highly addictive. These medications can cause severe poisoning, resulting in dangerous health effects or even death.

The symptoms and signs of recent use may include:

  • The feeling of "high"
  • Increased sociability
  • Increased energy and agitation
  • Increased libido
  • Increased heart rate and blood pressure
  • Trouble thinking clearly
  • The loss of muscle control
  • Paranoia
  • Panic attacks
  • Hallucinations
  • Delirium
  • Psychotic and violent behavior

Barbiturates, benzodiazepines and hypnotics

Barbiturates, benzodiazepines and hypnotics are prescription depressants of the central nervous system. They are frequently used and misused in the search for a sense of relaxation or a desire to "switch off" or forget stress-related thoughts or feelings.

  • The barbiturates. An example is the phenobarbital.
  • Benzodiazepines. Examples include sedatives, such as diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam (Ativan), clonazepam (Klonopin), and chlordiazepoxide (Librium).
  • Hypnotic. Examples include medicines-the-counter sleep medications such as zolpidem (Ambien) and zaleplon (Sonata).

The symptoms and signs of recent use may include:

  • Drowsiness
  • Speech difficulty
  • The lack of coordination
  • Irritability or mood swings
  • Trouble concentrating or thinking clearly.
  • Memory problems
  • Involuntary movements of the eyes
  • The lack of inhibition
  • Slow your breathing and blood pressure reduction
  • Falls or accidents
  • Dizziness

Meth, cocaine and other stimulants

Stimulants include amphetamines, meth (methamphetamine), cocaine, methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, etc.) and amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall XR, Mydayis). They are frequently used and misused in the pursuit of a "high" or to increase energy, improve your performance at work or school, or to lose weight or control your appetite.

The symptoms and signs of recent use may include:

  • Feeling of happiness and excitement too much confidence
  • Increased alertness
  • Increased energy and restlessness
  • Changes in behavior or aggression
  • Fast or hiking speech
  • Bigger than usual, the pupils black circles in the center of the eyes
  • Confusion, hallucinations, and delusions
  • Irritability, anxiety, or paranoia
  • Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature
  • Nausea or vomiting with weight loss
  • Lack of judgment
  • Nasal congestion and damage to the mucous membrane of the nose (if snorting drugs)
  • Mouth sores, gum disease and tooth decay in the teeth of smoking drugs ("meth mouth")
  • Insomnia
  • Depression as the drug disappears

Club drugs

Club drugs are commonly used in clubs, concerts and festivals. Examples include methylenedioxymethamphetamine, also called MDMA, ecstasy or molly, and the gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, known as GHB. Other examples include ketamine and flunitrazepam or Rohypnol — a brand used outside of the united states — also called roofie. These drugs are not all in the same category, but they share the effects and risks, including long-term harmful effects.

Due to GHB and flunitrazepam can cause sedation, muscle relaxation, confusion, and memory loss, the potential for sexual misconduct or sexual assault is associated with the use of these drugs.

The signs and symptoms of the use of club drugs can include:

  • Hallucinations
  • Paranoia
  • Larger-than-usual students
  • Chills and sweating
  • Involuntary shaking (tremors)
  • Behavior changes
  • Muscle cramps and grinding of teeth
  • Muscle relaxation, lack of coordination or problems with the movement of
  • Reduction of inhibitions
  • Increase or alteration of the sense of sight, sound and taste
  • Lack of judgment
  • Memory problems or memory loss
  • Decreased level of consciousness
  • Increase or decrease the heart rate and blood pressure

Hallucinogens

The use of hallucinogens can produce different signs and symptoms depending on the drug. The most common hallucinogens include lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and phencyclidine (PCP).

LSD can cause:

  • Hallucinations
  • Greatly reduces the perception of reality, for example, the interpretation of the input of one of your senses as another, such as hearing colors
  • Impulsive behavior
  • The rapid changes in emotions
  • Permanent Mental changes in the perception
  • Acceleration of the heart rate and high blood pressure
  • Tremors
  • Flashbacks, a reliving of the hallucinations — even years later

Use of PCP can cause:

  • A feeling of being separated from his body and its surroundings
  • Hallucinations
  • Problems with coordination and movement
  • Aggressive, potentially violent behavior
  • Involuntary movements of the eyes
  • The lack of the sensation of pain
  • Increased blood pressure and heart rate
  • Problems with thinking and memory
  • Speech problems
  • Lack of judgment
  • The intolerance to loud noises
  • Sometimes, seizures or coma

Inhalants

The signs and symptoms of inhalant use vary, depending on the substance. Some of the most commonly inhaled substances include glue, paint thinners, correction fluid, marker, felt-tip liquid, gasoline, cleaning fluids and household aerosol products. Due to the toxic nature of these substances, users can develop brain damage or sudden death.

The symptoms and signs of use may include:

  • The possession of an inhalant substance, without a reasonable explanation
  • Short happy emotion
  • Behaves as if drunk
  • Decreased ability to maintain the impulses under control
  • Aggressive behavior or eagerness to fight
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Involuntary movements of the eyes
  • Appear under the influence of drugs, with difficulty in speech, slow movements, and poor coordination
  • Irregular heart beats
  • Tremors
  • The persistent smell of inhalant material
  • Rash around the nose and mouth

Opiate pain relievers

Opioids are narcotics, analgesics, produced from opium or made synthetically. This class of medications includes, among others, heroin, morphine, codeine, methadone, fentanyl, and oxycodone.

Sometimes called the "opioid epidemic," the addiction to opioid prescription pain medications has reached an alarming rate in the united States. Some people who have been using opioids for a long period of time may need to be prescribed by physicians temporary or long-term substitution of drugs during the treatment.

The signs and symptoms of narcotic use and dependence can include:

  • A feeling of "high"
  • Reduction of the sense of pain
  • Agitation, drowsiness or sedation
  • Speech difficulty
  • Problems with attention and memory
  • The students that are smaller than usual
  • The lack of knowledge or lack of attention to the surrounding people and things
  • Problems with coordination
  • Depression
  • The confusion
  • Constipation
  • Runny nose or nose sores (if snorting drugs)
  • Needle marks (if the injection of drugs)

When to see a doctor

If your drug use is out of control or causing problems, get help. The sooner you seek help, the greater your chances of a long-term recovery. Talk with your health care provider or see a mental health provider such as a physician who specializes in addiction medicine or reliance on psychiatry, or a licensed alcohol and drug counselor.

Make an appointment to see a doctor if:

  • You can't stop using a medicine
  • To continue using the drug despite the harm it causes
  • Your use of drugs has led to risk-taking behaviors, such as needle sharing or unprotected sex
  • You think that you may have withdrawal symptoms after stopping the use of drugs

If you are not ready for the approach of a health care provider or mental health professional, help lines, or lines of help can be a good place to learn about the treatment. You can find these lines that appear on the internet or in the phone book.

When to seek emergency help

Get emergency medical help if you or someone you know has taken a drug and:

  • You can have an overdose
  • Shows the changes in consciousness
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Have seizures or convulsions
  • Has signs of a possible heart attack, such as chest pain or pressure
  • Has any other problems, physical, or psychological reaction to the use of the drug

Staging an intervention

People who struggle with addiction often deny that they have a problem and feel free to seek treatment. An intervention presents a loved one structure with an opportunity to make changes before things go from bad to worse and that can motivate someone to seek or accept help.

It is important to plan an intervention carefully. It can be made by family and friends on the consultation with a doctor or mental health professional, such as a licensed alcohol and drug counselor, or directed by an intervention professional. It involves family and friends, and sometimes co-workers, clergy or others we care about the person struggling with addiction.

During the intervention, these people gather together to have a direct, heart-to-heart conversation with the person about the consequences of addiction. Then, it asks the person to accept treatment.

Causes

Like many mental health disorders, several factors may contribute to the development of addiction to drugs. The main factors are:

  • Environment. Environmental factors, including that of his family, beliefs and attitudes and exposure to a peer group that encourages drug use, seem to play a role in the initial formation of drug use.
  • Genetics. Once you have begun to use a medicine, the development of addiction may be influenced by inherited (genetic) traits that may delay or accelerate the progression of the disease.

The changes in the brain

The physical addiction appears to occur when repeated use of a drug changes the way your brain feels pleasure. The addicting drug causes physical changes to some nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. Neurons use chemicals called neurotransmitters to communicate. These changes may remain a long time after you stop using the drug.

Risk factors

People of any age, sex or economic status can become addicted to a drug. Certain factors may affect the probability and the speed of development of an addiction:

  • The family history of addiction. Drug addiction is more common in some families, and it is likely that involves an increase in the risk-based genes. If you have a blood relative, such as a father or a brother, with alcohol or drug addiction, you are at greater risk of developing an addiction to the drug.
  • Mental health disorder. If you have a mental health disorder such as depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or post-traumatic stress disorder, you are more likely to become addicted to drugs. The use of drugs can become a way of coping with painful feelings, such as anxiety, depression and loneliness, and can make these problems even worse.
  • The peer pressure. Peer pressure is an important factor in the onset of use and the abuse of drugs, especially for young people.
  • The lack of involvement of the family. Difficult family situations, or the lack of a link with your parents or siblings may increase the risk of addiction, such as a lack of parental supervision.
  • The early use. The use of drugs at an early age can cause changes in the developing brain and increase the likelihood of progressing to addiction to drugs.
  • Taking a highly addictive drug. Some medications, such as stimulants, cocaine, or opioid analgesics may result in a rapid development of addiction to other drugs. Smoking or injecting drugs can increase the potential for addiction. Taking drugs considered less addictive — the so-called "light drugs" — can start on a path of drug use and addiction.

Complications

The use of drugs can have significant and damaging short-term and long-term effects. Take some medications can be particularly dangerous, especially if you take high doses or in combination with other drugs or alcohol. Here are some examples.

  • Methamphetamine, opiates and cocaine are highly addictive and cause multiple short-term and long-term consequences for health, including psychotic behavior, seizures, or death by overdose. Opioids affect the part of the brain that controls breathing, and an overdose can result in death. Taking opioids with alcohol increases this risk.
  • GHB and flunitrazepam can cause sedation, confusion and loss of memory. These so-called "date rape drugs" are known to impair the ability to resist the unwanted touch and the memory of the event. In high doses, can cause seizures, coma and death. The danger increases when these drugs are taken with alcohol.
  • MDMA also known as molly or ecstasy, can interfere with the body's ability to regulate temperature. A severe increase in the temperature of the body can result in the liver, kidney or heart failure, and death. Other complications include severe dehydration, which leads to seizures. Long-term, MDMA can damage the brain.
  • A particular danger of club drugs is that the liquid, pill or powder forms of these drugs available on the street often contain unknown substances that can be harmful, including other illegally manufactured or pharmaceutical products.
  • Due to the toxic nature of inhalants, users can develop brain damage of different levels of severity. The sudden death may occur even after a single exposure.

Another life-changing complications

Drug dependence can create a series of dangerous and harmful complications, including:

  • Contracting an infectious disease. People who are addicted to drugs are more likely to contract infectious diseases, such as HIV , whether through sex or by sharing needles with other people.
  • Other health problems. The drug addiction can lead to a range of short-term and long-term physical and mental health problems. These depend on what takes the drug.
  • Accidents. People who are addicted to drugs are more likely to drive or do other dangerous activities while under the influence.
  • Suicide. People who are addicted to drugs to die by suicide more often than people who are not addicted.
  • The problems of the family. Changes in behavior may cause relationship or conflict in the family and custody issues.
  • Work issues. The use of drugs can lead to decreased work performance, absenteeism and eventual loss of employment.
  • Problems in the school. The use of drugs can negatively affect the academic performance and motivation to excel in school.
  • Legal issues. The legal problems are common to users of drugs may originate from the purchase or possession of illegal drugs, theft of support to the addiction to drugs, driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or disputes over the custody of the child.
  • Financial problems. The expenditure of money to support the use of drugs takes the money for other needs, it could lead to debt, and that can lead to unlawful or unethical behaviors.

Prevention

The best way to prevent an addiction to a drug is not taking the medication at all. If your doctor prescribes a medication with the potential for addiction, be careful when taking the medication and follow the instructions.

Health care providers should prescribe these medicines in safe doses and amounts and monitor your usage so that you don't give a single large dose or for too long. If you feel the need to take more than the prescribed dose of a medication, talk with your health care provider.

Prevention of drug abuse in children and adolescents

Take these steps to help prevent drug abuse in their children, and adolescents:

  • Communicate. Talk with your children about the risks of drug use and misuse.
  • Listen. Be a good listener when your children talk about peer pressure and be supportive of their efforts to resist.
  • A good example. Do not abuse alcohol or addictive drugs. The children of parents who abuse drugs are at greater risk of drug addiction.
  • Strengthen the bond. Work on your relationship with your children. A strong, stable bond between you and your child is going to reduce the risk of your child is using or abusing drugs.

The prevention of a relapse

Once you've been addicted to a drug, you are at high risk of falling into a pattern of addiction. If you start using the drug, it is likely that you lose control over their use again — even if you have had the treatment and do not use the medication for some time.

  • Follow your treatment plan. Monitor your cravings. It may seem that it has been recovered and it is not necessary to take further measures to stay drug free. But your chances of staying drug-free is going to be much higher if you keep seeing your therapist or counselor, is going to support group meetings and taking prescription medicines.
  • Avoid high-risk situations. Do not return to the area where they used to obtain their medications. And stay away from his former drug crowd.
  • Get help immediately if the use of the drug again. If you start using the drug again, talk with your health care provider, your mental health provider or someone who can help you right away.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of drug addiction (substance use disorder) requires a thorough evaluation and often includes an assessment by a psychiatrist, a psychologist, or a licensed alcohol and drug counselor. Blood, urine or other lab tests are used to evaluate the use of drugs, but they are not a diagnostic test for addiction. However, these tests may be used for monitoring treatment and recovery.

For the diagnosis of a substance use disorder, most mental health professionals in the use of the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American psychiatric Association.

Treatment

Although there is no cure for drug addiction, treatment options can help to overcome an addiction and stay drug-free. Your treatment depends on the drug used and any medical or mental health conditions you may have. Long-term follow-up is important to prevent relapse.

Treatment programs

Treatment programs for substance use disorder usually offer:

  • Individual, group or family therapy sessions
  • A focus on understanding the nature of addiction, to become drug-free and relapse prevention
  • Levels of care and configurations that vary depending on their needs, such as outpatient, residential and inpatient programs

The withdrawal of therapy

The goal of detoxification, also called a "detox" or the withdrawal of the therapy is to allow you to stop taking the addictive drug more quickly and safely as possible. For some people, it may be safe to submit to the withdrawal of the therapy on an outpatient basis. Others may need admission to a hospital or a residential treatment center.

The withdrawal of the different categories of medications, such as antidepressants, stimulants or opioids — it produces different side effects and requires different approaches. Detoxification may involve the gradual reduction of the dose of the drug, or is temporarily unavailable substitution of other substances, such as methadone, buprenorphine, or a combination of buprenorphine and naloxone.

Opioid overdose

In an opioid overdose, a drug called naloxone can be given by emergency personnel, or in some states, for any person who witnesses an overdose. Naloxone temporarily reverses the effects of opioid drugs.

While naloxone has been in the market for years, a nasal spray (Narcan, Kloxxado) and an injectable form are now available, despite the fact that it can be very expensive. Whatever the delivery method, seek medical attention immediately after using naloxone.

Medicine as part of the treatment

After talking with you, your health care provider may recommend medication as part of your treatment for addiction to opiates. The medications do not cure its addiction to opioids, but may help in your recovery. These medicines can reduce your craving for opioids and may help you avoid a relapse. The medicine of the treatment options for addiction to opioids can include buprenorphine, methadone, naltrexone, and a combination of buprenorphine and naloxone.

Behavior therapy

As part of a program of drug treatment, behavior therapy — a form of psychotherapy — can be carried out by a psychologist or psychiatrist, or you may receive the advice of a licensed alcohol and drug counselor. Therapy and counseling can be done with an individual, a family or a group. The therapist or counselor may:

  • Help to develop ways of dealing with their cravings for drugs
  • Suggest strategies to avoid drugs and prevent relapse
  • Offer suggestions on how to deal with relapse if it occurs
  • Talking about the problems with regard to their work, legal problems, and relationships with family and friends
  • Include family members to help them develop better communication skills and be supportive
  • Address other mental health conditions

Self-help groups

Many, though not all, self-help support groups using the 12 steps of the first model developed by Alcoholics Anonymous. Self-help groups such as Narcotics Anonymous, to help people who are addicted to drugs.

The self-help group message is that addiction is an ongoing disorder with a risk of relapse. Self-help groups can decrease the sense of shame and isolation that can lead to relapse.

Your therapist, or a licensed counselor can help you locate a support group. You can also find support groups in your community or on the internet.

The treatment in progress

Even after you have completed the initial treatment, ongoing treatment and support can help to prevent a relapse. The follow-up care may include regular appointments with your counselor, to continue in a program of self-help or attend a regular group session. Seek immediate help if you relapse.

Coping and support

Overcoming an addiction and stay drug-free require a persistent effort. Learning new skills and knowing where to find help are essential. The adoption of these measures may help:

  • See a licensed therapist or a licensed alcohol and drug counselor. Drug addiction is linked to many problems that can be treated with therapy or counseling, including other underlying mental health problems, or marriage, or family problems. See a psychiatrist, a psychologist, or a licensed counselor can help you regain your peace of mind, and repair their relationships.
  • Search the treatment of other mental health disorders. People with other mental health problems, such as depression, are more likely to become addicted to drugs. Go immediately to a qualified mental health professional if you have signs or symptoms of mental health problems.
  • Join a support group. Support groups such as Narcotics Anonymous or Alcoholics Anonymous, can be very effective in overcoming the addiction. The compassion, the understanding and shared experiences can help break your addiction and stay drug-free.

Preparing for your appointment

You can help to obtain an independent perspective from someone you trust and who knows you well. You can begin by discussing your use of the substance with your primary care provider. Or ask for a referral to a specialist in drug addiction, such as a licensed alcohol and drug counselor, or a psychiatrist or psychologist. Invite a family member or a friend.

Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment.

What you can do

Before your appointment, be prepared:

  • Be honest about your drug use. By participating in unhealthy drug use, it can be easy to minimize or underestimate the frequency of use and your level of addiction. To get an accurate idea of the treatment can help, be honest with your doctor or mental health provider.
  • Make a list of all the medicines, vitamins, herbs, or other supplements you are taking and the dose. Tell your health care provider and a mental health about either legal or illegal drugs that you are using.
  • Make a list of questions to ask your doctor or mental health provider.

Some questions to ask your provider may include:

  • What is the best approach for my drug addiction?
  • You should see a psychiatrist or other mental health professional?
  • I know that I have to go to the hospital or spending time as an inpatient or outpatient at a recovery clinic?
  • What are the alternatives to the primary approach you're suggesting?
  • Are there brochures or other printed material I can have? What sites do you recommend?

Do not hesitate to ask questions during your appointment.

What to expect from your doctor

Your provider is likely to ask several questions, such as:

  • What medications are used?
  • When they did their drug use first start?
  • How often do you use drugs?
  • When you take a medication, how much do you use?
  • Do you ever feel that you might have a problem with drugs?
  • Have you tried to quit smoking on your own? What happened when you did?
  • If you've tried to quit, do you have withdrawal symptoms?
  • Have family members criticized his use of drugs?
  • Are you ready to receive the necessary treatment for your drug addiction?

Be prepared to answer questions, so you'll have more time to go through all the points that you want to focus on.

Symptoms and treatment of Drug addiction (substance use disorder)